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product benchmark (g/item)
Smartphone (complete)| Material | Group | Expected per item | Expected total | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium Al | Aluminium | 22.18 g | 22.18 g | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Copper Cu | Copper | 15.12 g | 15.12 g | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Magnesium Mg | Magnesium | 5.54 g | 5.54 g | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Cobalt Co | Cobalt | 5.38 g | 5.38 g | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Tungsten W | Tungsten | 0.44 g | 440 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Neodymium Nd | Rare earths (LREE) | 0.05 g | 50 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Tantalum Ta | Tantalum | 0.02 g | 20 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Praseodymium Pr | Rare earths (LREE) | 0.01 g | 10 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Palladium Pd | Platinum group metals | 0.01 g | 10 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Gallium Ga | Gallium | 0.4 mg | 0.4 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Gadolinium Gd | Rare earths (HREE) | 0.2 mg | 0.2 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Europium Eu | Rare earths (HREE) | 0.1 mg | 0.1 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
| Cerium Ce | Rare earths (LREE) | 0.03 mg | 0.03 mg | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 · incl. battery |
★ = product-specific benchmark available. Others use the EU-category fallback (needs mass).
View all 247 accepted source values
All accepted values (247)
| Item | Scope | Material | Value | Denominator | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Aluminium Al | 22.18 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Copper Cu | 15.12 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Magnesium Mg | 5.54 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Cobalt Co | 5.38 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Tungsten W | 0.44 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Neodymium Nd | 0.05 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Tantalum Ta | 0.02 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Praseodymium Pr | 0.01 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Palladium Pd | 0.01 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Gallium Ga | 0.0004 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Gadolinium Gd | 0.0002 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Europium Eu | 0.0001 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Smartphone (complete)6B | device | Cerium Ce | 0.00003 g/item | per device | JRC (2020) Guidance for the Assessment of Material Efficiency: Smartphones, after Manhart et al. 2016 — Table 18, p. 61 |
| Notebook incl. battery and display2B1 | device | Cobalt Co | 65 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| Notebook incl. battery and display2B1 | device | Neodymium Nd | 2.1 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| Notebook incl. battery and display2B1 | device | Tantalum Ta | 1.7 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| Notebook incl. battery and display2B1 | device | Praseodymium Pr | 0.27 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| Notebook incl. battery and display2B1 | device | Dysprosium Dy | 0.06 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| Notebook incl. battery and display2B1 | device | Palladium Pd | 0.04 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| Notebook (Ta, alternative)2B1 | device alternative | Tantalum Ta | 1 g/item | per device | Ueberschaar et al. (2017) — investigated products |
| LCD TV, LED backlight2A11 | device | Yttrium Y | 0.0048 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD TV, LED backlight2A11 | device | Gallium Ga | 0.0049 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD TV, LED backlight2A11 | device | Gadolinium Gd | 0.0023 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD TV, LED backlight2A11 | device | Palladium Pd | 0.044 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD TV, CCFL backlight2A11 | device alternative | Yttrium Y | 0.11 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD TV, CCFL backlight2A11 | device alternative | Europium Eu | 0.0081 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD TV, CCFL backlight2A11 | device alternative | Terbium Tb | 0.0023 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD TV, CCFL backlight2A11 | device alternative | Palladium Pd | 0.044 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD monitor, CCFL backlight2A12 | device | Yttrium Y | 0.016 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD monitor, CCFL backlight2A12 | device | Europium Eu | 0.0012 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| LCD monitor, CCFL backlight2A12 | device | Palladium Pd | 0.04 g/item | per device | Öko-Institut (2012) Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment — Tables 12, 13, 23 |
| Household washing machine4A21 | device provisional | Neodymium Nd | 3 g/item | per device | Washing-machine ecodesign draft (13 June 2025) — ≈10 g NdFeB magnets per average machine |
| EU cat. 1 Temperature exchange (category fallback)1 | category | Aluminium Al | 4.04 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 1 Temperature exchange (category fallback)1 | category | Copper Cu | 4.29 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 1 Temperature exchange (category fallback)1 | category | Neodymium Nd | 0.176 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 1 Temperature exchange (category fallback)1 | category | Tantalum Ta | 0.0159 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 2 Screens & monitors (category fallback)2 | category | Aluminium Al | 4.99 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 2 Screens & monitors (category fallback)2 | category | Copper Cu | 2.65 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 2 Screens & monitors (category fallback)2 | category | Neodymium Nd | 386 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 2 Screens & monitors (category fallback)2 | category | Tantalum Ta | 35.5 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 3 Lamps (category fallback)3 | category | Aluminium Al | 32.4 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 3 Lamps (category fallback)3 | category | Copper Cu | 2.84 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 3 Lamps (category fallback)3 | category | Neodymium Nd | 2.48 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 3 Lamps (category fallback)3 | category | Tantalum Ta | 5.68 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 4 Large equipment (category fallback)4 | category | Aluminium Al | 2.05 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 4 Large equipment (category fallback)4 | category | Copper Cu | 1.73 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 4 Large equipment (category fallback)4 | category | Neodymium Nd | 181 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 4 Large equipment (category fallback)4 | category | Tantalum Ta | 0.126 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 5 Small equipment (category fallback)5 | category | Aluminium Al | 6.95 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 5 Small equipment (category fallback)5 | category | Copper Cu | 5.22 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 5 Small equipment (category fallback)5 | category | Neodymium Nd | 97.2 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 5 Small equipment (category fallback)5 | category | Tantalum Ta | 1.33 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 6 Small IT & telecom (category fallback)6 | category | Aluminium Al | 2.11 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 6 Small IT & telecom (category fallback)6 | category | Copper Cu | 3.37 wt% | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 6 Small IT & telecom (category fallback)6 | category | Neodymium Nd | 305 g/t | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| EU cat. 6 Small IT & telecom (category fallback)6 | category | Tantalum Ta | gap | per kg of category mass · batteries excluded | FutuRaM consolidated WEEE composition (2025 BAU) — aggregated elemental rows, collection-category level |
| HDD magnet (3½-inch) | component | Neodymium Nd | 34.9 wt% | per kg magnet alloy (11.4 g/HDD) | Charles et al. (2020) — Table 5 |
| LCO cell | component | Cobalt Co | 18.26 wt% | per kg LCO cell | FutuRaM battery composition V3 (2026) — LCO profile, derived |
| LCO cell | component | Lithium Li | 2.265 wt% | per kg LCO cell | FutuRaM battery composition V3 (2026) — LCO profile, derived |
| Laptop six-cell pack | component | Cobalt Co | 15.8 wt% | per kg pack (49.82 g/pack) | Charles et al. (2020) — Table 5 |
| Phone battery cell | component | Cobalt Co | 19.44 wt% | per kg cell (4.17 g/cell) | Charles et al. (2020) — Table 5 |
| Desktop mainboard PCB | component | Tantalum Ta | 1.6 g/kg | per kg PCB | Ueberschaar et al. (2017) — PCB Ta incl. mounted components |
| Notebook PCB | component | Tantalum Ta | 8 g/kg | per kg PCB | Ueberschaar et al. (2017) — almost 8 g/kg |
| Smartphone PCB | component | Tantalum Ta | 1.5 g/kg | per kg PCB | Ueberschaar et al. (2017) — approx. |
| Feature-phone PCB | component | Copper Cu | 32 wt% | per kg prepared PCB | Jandric et al. (2026) — median, 45 phones 1998–2021 |
| Smartphone PCB | component | Copper Cu | 59.5 wt% | per kg prepared PCB | Jandric et al. (2026) — median |
| Feature-phone PCB | component | Palladium Pd | 101 mg/kg | per kg prepared PCB | Jandric et al. (2026) — median |
| Smartphone PCB | component | Palladium Pd | 24 mg/kg | per kg prepared PCB | Jandric et al. (2026) — median |
| Router/modem/hub PCB (populated) | component | Copper Cu | 22 wt% | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 10 routers/modems/hubs |
| Router/modem/hub PCB (populated) | component | Palladium Pd | 20 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 10 routers/modems/hubs |
| Router/modem/hub PCB (populated) | component | Arsenic As | 70 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 10 routers/modems/hubs |
| Router/modem/hub PCB (populated) | component | Beryllium Be | 0.3 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 10 routers/modems/hubs |
| Mobile-phone PCB (populated) | component | Copper Cu | 34 wt% | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 30 mobile phones |
| Mobile-phone PCB (populated) | component | Palladium Pd | 119 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 30 mobile phones |
| Mobile-phone PCB (populated) | component | Arsenic As | 93 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 30 mobile phones |
| Mobile-phone PCB (populated) | component | Beryllium Be | 99 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 30 mobile phones |
| Smartphone PCB (populated) | component | Copper Cu | 40 wt% | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 30 smartphones |
| Smartphone PCB (populated) | component | Palladium Pd | 55 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 30 smartphones |
| Smartphone PCB (populated) | component | Arsenic As | 141 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 30 smartphones |
| Smartphone PCB (populated) | component | Beryllium Be | 115 mg/kg | per kg populated PCB | Holgersson et al. (2018) Analysis of the metal content of small-size WEEE printed circuit boards — 30 smartphones |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Copper Cu | 19 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Aluminium Al | 5 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Manganese Mn | 0.75 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Nickel Ni | 0.6 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Tantalum Ta | 0.58 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Antimony Sb | 0.3 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Strontium Sr | 0.04 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Palladium Pd | 0.02 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Bismuth Bi | 0.012 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Cobalt Co | 0.01 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Beryllium Be | 0.01 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Arsenic As | 0.003 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Gallium Ga | 0.001 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Boron (compound-bound) B | 0.932 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Laptop PCB (assumed average) | component | Magnesium Mg | 0.211 wt% | per kg laptop PCB | JRC (2016) Feasibility study on recyclability/recoverability reference values — Table 20, p. 69 — source totals 95.13%, not normalised |
| Feature-phone PCB (prepared) | component | Nickel Ni | 2.8 wt% | per kg prepared PCB | Jandric et al. (2026) — median, phones 1998–2021 |
| Smartphone PCB (prepared) | component | Nickel Ni | 5.7 wt% | per kg prepared PCB | Jandric et al. (2026) — median, phones 1998–2021 |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Copper Cu | 19.3 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Nickel Ni | 3.46 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Neodymium Nd | 0.66 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Tantalum Ta | 0.27 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Tungsten W | 0.22 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Cobalt Co | 0.072 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Praseodymium Pr | 0.07 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Lanthanum La | 0.059 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Palladium Pd | 0.048 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Gallium Ga | 0.016 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Germanium Ge | 0.0068 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Detached phone-PCB components | component | Niobium Nb | 0.0053 wt% | per kg detached components | Gorewoda et al. (2020) — Table 1 (12 kg from 50 kg boards) |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Neodymium Nd | 3,660 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Yttrium Y | 2,200 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Dysprosium Dy | 1,310 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Palladium Pd | 1,050 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Cerium Ce | 530 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Erbium Er | 230 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Ruthenium Ru | 210 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Gadolinium Gd | 150 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Holmium Ho | 150 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Praseodymium Pr | 90 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Samarium Sm | 50 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Iridium Ir | 40 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Ceramic capacitors (MLCC, lighting) | component | Lanthanum La | 20 mg/kg | per kg MLCC fraction | Sideris et al. (2023) — Tables 2–3, ICP-OES |
| Tantalum capacitors (107A, 100 µF) | component | Antimony Sb | 1.6 wt% | per kg capacitors | Charles et al. (2020) — ±0.5 wt% |
| MP3-player PCB, removed components | component | Palladium Pd | 110 mg/kg | per kg SMD fraction | Charles et al. (2020) — approx. |
| LCD main-PCB, removed components | component | Palladium Pd | 140 mg/kg | per kg SMD fraction | Charles et al. (2020) — approx. |
| Mobile-phone PCB, removed components | component | Palladium Pd | 660 mg/kg | per kg SMD fraction | Charles et al. (2020) — approx. |
| Camera PCB, removed components | component | Palladium Pd | 40 mg/kg | per kg SMD fraction | Charles et al. (2020) — approx. |
| Integrated circuits (lighting) | component | Palladium Pd | 37 mg/kg | per kg ICs | Sideris et al. (2025) — range 0–74 mg/kg; Pt below quantification |
| HDD actuator magnets (3½-inch) | component | Neodymium Nd | 11.4 g/item | per hard drive | Charles et al. (2020) — 11.4 ± 0.3 g |
| Phone speaker magnet | component | Neodymium Nd | 0.133 g/item | per magnet | Charles et al. (2020) — 133 ± 3 mg |
| Laptop CCFL tube | component | Yttrium Y | 0.013 g/item | per tube | Charles et al. (2020) — 13 ± 0.1 mg |
| Resistor RHC2512 (thick film) | component | Ruthenium Ru | 0.00032 g/item | per resistor (44.1 mg) | Stackpole Electronics declaration (2013) — RuO₂ 0.4219 mg → Ru |
| Blue LED | component | Gallium Ga | 0.00002 g/item | per LED | Gassmann et al. (2016) — 17–25 µg, technology-specific |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Copper Cu | 43.35 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Aluminium Al | 1.39 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Neodymium Nd | 0.26 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Manganese Mn | 0.17 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Tungsten W | 0.09 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Lithium Li | 0.08 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Palladium Pd | 0.08 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Magnesium Mg | 0.07 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Praseodymium Pr | 0.06 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Antimony Sb | 0.06 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Cobalt Co | 0.04 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Gallium Ga | 0.04 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| Smartphone PCB incl. magnets (pooled, 2012–2020) | component | Niobium Nb | 0.03 wt% | per kg pooled PCB material | Cenci et al. (2025) — Table 1, 40 phones, ICP-OES — alternative 6B profile, only for boards with magnets |
| RAM module SDR PC100 32 MB (Discovery) | component | Copper Cu | 2.67 g/item | per module | Charles et al. (2017) — Tables 1–2, sample 4 |
| RAM module SDR PC100 32 MB (Discovery) | component | Palladium Pd | 0.00149 g/item | per module | Charles et al. (2017) — Tables 1–2, sample 4 |
| RAM module DDR PC2100 128 MB (Samsung) | component | Copper Cu | 3.8 g/item | per module | Charles et al. (2017) — Tables 1–2, sample 8 |
| RAM module DDR PC2100 128 MB (Samsung) | component | Palladium Pd | 0.00169 g/item | per module | Charles et al. (2017) — Tables 1–2, sample 8 |
| RAM module DDR2 PC2-6400 2 GB (Kingston) | component | Copper Cu | 5.08 g/item | per module | Charles et al. (2017) — Tables 1–2, sample 14 |
| RAM module DDR2 PC2-6400 2 GB (Kingston) | component | Palladium Pd | 0.0004 g/item | per module | Charles et al. (2017) — Tables 1–2, sample 14 |
| RAM module DDR3 PC3-8500 2 GB (Samsung) | component | Copper Cu | 4.76 g/item | per module | Charles et al. (2017) — Tables 1–2, sample 15 — historical, not for DDR4/DDR5 |
| RAM module DDR3 PC3-8500 2 GB (Samsung) | component | Palladium Pd | 0.00058 g/item | per module | Charles et al. (2017) — Tables 1–2, sample 15 — historical, not for DDR4/DDR5 |
| Memory-card PCB material (ICs removed) | component | Boron (compound-bound) B | 0.668 wt% | per kg separated PCB material | Buczkó et al. (2024) — Table 2, PGAA, 3 samples |
| Memory-card ICs (separated) | component | Antimony Sb | 0.565 wt% | per kg separated ICs | Buczkó et al. (2024) — Table 9, corrected INAA, 3 samples |
| Photoresistors (prepared) | component | Germanium Ge | 2.59 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Photoresistors (prepared) | component | Strontium Sr | 19.68 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Photoresistors (prepared) | component | Cobalt Co | 8.691 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Photoresistors (prepared) | component | Manganese Mn | 195.4 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| BPW34 photodiodes (prepared) | component | Germanium Ge | 0.15 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| BPW34 photodiodes (prepared) | component | Strontium Sr | 61.85 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| BPW34 photodiodes (prepared) | component | Cobalt Co | 2.06 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| BPW34 photodiodes (prepared) | component | Manganese Mn | 14.53 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Phototransistors (prepared) | component | Germanium Ge | 0.231 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Phototransistors (prepared) | component | Strontium Sr | 73.17 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Phototransistors (prepared) | component | Cobalt Co | 5.11 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Phototransistors (prepared) | component | Manganese Mn | 44.53 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Used mobile-phone LCD screens (prepared) | component | Germanium Ge | 0.062 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Used mobile-phone LCD screens (prepared) | component | Strontium Sr | 570.6 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Used mobile-phone LCD screens (prepared) | component | Cobalt Co | 2.462 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Used mobile-phone LCD screens (prepared) | component | Manganese Mn | 15.62 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Used TV LED-screen matrix (prepared) | component | Germanium Ge | 0.06 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Used TV LED-screen matrix (prepared) | component | Strontium Sr | 145.5 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Used TV LED-screen matrix (prepared) | component | Cobalt Co | 1.561 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Used TV LED-screen matrix (prepared) | component | Manganese Mn | 9.54 mg/kg | per kg prepared material | Willner et al. (2021) — Table 6 — possible Ge loss in aqua-regia digestion |
| Coated HDD magnets | component | Neodymium Nd | 19.9 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES — Pr, Gd, Ho not reported |
| Coated HDD magnets | component | Dysprosium Dy | 1.3 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES — Pr, Gd, Ho not reported |
| Coated HDD magnets | component | Boron (compound-bound) B | 0.9 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES — Pr, Gd, Ho not reported |
| Coated HDD magnets | component | Cobalt Co | 0.5 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES — Pr, Gd, Ho not reported |
| Coated HDD magnets | component | Aluminium Al | 0.4 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES — Pr, Gd, Ho not reported |
| Coated electric-scooter magnets | component | Neodymium Nd | 16.6 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES |
| Coated electric-scooter magnets | component | Praseodymium Pr | 3.5 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES |
| Coated electric-scooter magnets | component | Dysprosium Dy | 1.3 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES |
| Coated electric-scooter magnets | component | Gadolinium Gd | 1.2 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES |
| Coated electric-scooter magnets | component | Holmium Ho | 0.7 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES |
| Coated electric-scooter magnets | component | Boron (compound-bound) B | 1.1 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES |
| Coated electric-scooter magnets | component | Cobalt Co | 1 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES |
| Coated electric-scooter magnets | component | Aluminium Al | 0.6 wt% | per kg magnet incl. coating | Couto et al. (2024) — Table 3, ICP-OES |
| Feature-phone PCB fraction | component | Copper Cu | 21.8 wt% | per kg PCB fraction | Gómez et al. (2023) — 15 phones, early 2000s–2015 |
| Multimedia-phone PCB fraction | component | Copper Cu | 29.5 wt% | per kg PCB fraction | Gómez et al. (2023) — 15 phones, early 2000s–2015 |
| Smartphone PCB fraction (Gómez) | component | Copper Cu | 32.2 wt% | per kg PCB fraction | Gómez et al. (2023) — 15 phones, early 2000s–2015 |
| Studied phone PCB material (all generations) | component | Palladium Pd | 98 g/t | per tonne PCB material | Gómez et al. (2023) — composition-based extrapolation, not measured recovery |
| Studied phone PCB material (all generations) | component | Platinum Pt | 38 g/t | per tonne PCB material | Gómez et al. (2023) — composition-based extrapolation, not measured recovery |
| Studied phone PCB material (all generations) | component | Rare earths, combined REE | 11,100 g/t | per tonne PCB material | Gómez et al. (2023) — composition-based extrapolation, not measured recovery |
| Older mobile-phone PCB (populated) | component | Copper Cu | 293.72 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Older mobile-phone PCB (populated) | component | Aluminium Al | 22.81 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Older mobile-phone PCB (populated) | component | Palladium Pd | 0 g/t | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Smartphone PCB after 2008 (populated) | component | Copper Cu | 428.46 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Smartphone PCB after 2008 (populated) | component | Aluminium Al | 29.48 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Smartphone PCB after 2008 (populated) | component | Palladium Pd | 61.7 g/t | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Older computer PCB, Pentium 4 or earlier | component | Copper Cu | 179.53 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Older computer PCB, Pentium 4 or earlier | component | Aluminium Al | 40.17 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Older computer PCB, Pentium 4 or earlier | component | Palladium Pd | 31.49 g/t | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Computer PCB, newer processors | component | Copper Cu | 261.46 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Computer PCB, newer processors | component | Aluminium Al | 43.38 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| Computer PCB, newer processors | component | Palladium Pd | 5.98 g/t | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| CRT television PCB (populated) | component | Copper Cu | 84.08 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| CRT television PCB (populated) | component | Aluminium Al | 48.41 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| CRT television PCB (populated) | component | Palladium Pd | 0 g/t | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| LCD TV signal-processing PCB | component | Copper Cu | 264.9 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| LCD TV signal-processing PCB | component | Aluminium Al | 42.98 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| LCD TV signal-processing PCB | component | Palladium Pd | 7.53 g/t | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| LCD TV signal-reception PCB | component | Copper Cu | 190.2 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| LCD TV signal-reception PCB | component | Aluminium Al | 76.47 g/kg | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| LCD TV signal-reception PCB | component | Palladium Pd | 25.99 g/t | per kg populated PCB | Anić Vučinić et al. (2020) — Table 2, ~28 kg per sample, Croatian recycler |
| RF amplifier chip | component | Gallium Ga | 0.0011 g/item | per chip | Ueberschaar et al. (2017) — 0.9–1.3 mg Ga per chip; chip family must be identified |
| Ga-rich isolated fraction | component | Gallium Ga | 35 wt% | per kg enriched fraction | Ueberschaar et al. (2017) — thermal pretreatment + manual separation |
| AVX Ta/NbO capacitor, case A (25 mg) | component | Antimony Sb | 0.00036 g/item | per capacitor | AVX capacitor catalogue (legacy) — p. 104, 1.7 wt% Sb₂O₃ × 0.83535 — historical formulation |
| AVX Ta/NbO capacitor, case C (137 mg) | component | Antimony Sb | 0.00263 g/item | per capacitor | AVX capacitor catalogue (legacy) — p. 104, 2.3 wt% Sb₂O₃ × 0.83535 — historical formulation |
| AVX Ta/NbO capacitor, case D (330 mg) | component | Antimony Sb | 0.00414 g/item | per capacitor | AVX capacitor catalogue (legacy) — p. 104, 1.5 wt% Sb₂O₃ × 0.83535 — historical formulation |
| AVX Ta/NbO capacitor, case E (460 mg) | component | Antimony Sb | 0.00461 g/item | per capacitor | AVX capacitor catalogue (legacy) — p. 104, 1.2 wt% Sb₂O₃ × 0.83535 — historical formulation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Boron (compound-bound) B | 9,985 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Antimony Sb | 2,900 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Phosphorus P | 1,115 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Strontium Sr | 735.5 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Bismuth Bi | 278 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Palladium Pd | 147.5 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Cobalt Co | 91.4 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Cerium Ce | 60 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Lanthanum La | 55.7 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Vanadium V | 28.15 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Platinum Pt | 3.5 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| PCB comminution fines < 75 µm | component | Hafnium Hf | 10.4 mg/kg | per kg fines | Ogunniyi et al. (2009) — Table 2 — spans are digestion methods, not device variation |
| Pre-treated WEEE PCB fines < 0.25 mm | component | Lanthanum La | 2,000 mg/kg | per kg fine fraction | Gonzalez Baez et al. (2022) — three UK recyclers; REE analytical recovery 56–89% |
| Pre-treated WEEE PCB fines < 0.25 mm | component | Neodymium Nd | 4,000 mg/kg | per kg fine fraction | Gonzalez Baez et al. (2022) — three UK recyclers; REE analytical recovery 56–89% |
| Pre-treated WEEE PCB fines < 0.25 mm | component | Yttrium Y | 300 mg/kg | per kg fine fraction | Gonzalez Baez et al. (2022) — three UK recyclers; REE analytical recovery 56–89% |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Yttrium Y | 10.1 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Aluminium Al | 1.7 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Lanthanum La | 1.47 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Cerium Ce | 0.97 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Europium Eu | 0.67 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Terbium Tb | 0.48 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Strontium Sr | 0.37 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Magnesium Mg | 0.19 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Manganese Mn | 0.172 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |
| Fluorescent-lamp phosphor powder < 125 µm | component | Antimony Sb | 0.11 wt% | per kg phosphor residue | Pateli et al. (2020) — needs the powder share of whole lamps before use |